RO membranes are quite good at eliminating dissolved salts, organics and other pollutants, but they are also very sensitive to what is in front of them. A poor mix of particles, minerals or chemical residues in the feed water can quickly foul or damage membranes, increasing operating costs and shortening membrane life. This guide walks through the…
A purified water or WFI system passes validation, sails through routine monitoring for months, and then — without warning — a single sample exceeds the action limit. QA opens an OOS investigation, production halts, and everyone asks the same question: how did a “compliant” system suddenly become a contamination risk? The reality is that pharmaceutical…
For an offshore oil platform, fresh water is not something that can be treated as a routine supply item. Personnel need water every day for drinking, cooking, washing, cleaning, and other basic operations, while the platform may be hundreds of miles from the nearest shore. If a supply vessel is delayed by bad weather, the…
If your cell lines show improbable growth or contamination or results that aren’t reproducible, the issue could be not with your process. It could be your water. Ultrapure water for cell culture requires a higher standard than lab-grade water. It has to be free of any endotoxins, RNase/DNase, and have a low concentration of dissolved…
Fresh water may not be as abundant as some people believe. Access to reliable supplies has become an issue for many parts of the world with growing populations, expanding businesses and irregular rainfall patterns. One approach to address this issue is a desalination system that processes salty or brackish water into treated freshwater. One of…
There’s no definitive answer for the frequency at which the ion exchange resin must be renewed, as it varies based on the hardness of the water, the flow rate, type of resin and system size. Softeners for household use typically regenerate every 2-7 days, whereas industrial systems might require periodic or even constant regeneration. We will break…
When comparing reverse osmosis (RO) systems, you will often come across capacity ratings such as 500 GPD, 1,000 GPD, or even 10,000 GPD. These numbers refer to the amount of water an RO membrane or system is rated to produce under specific operating conditions. GPD means Gallons Per Day, and it is one of the…
The pH value is more than just a number on a drinking water report; it tells you whether your water is acidic, neutral, or alkaline. But what should the pH of drinking water be? Does the pH of your tap water really affect your health, the taste of your water, or even the condition of your…
Freshwater is not a resource that industrial facilities can ignore. Costs for utilities are rising, there is a need to tighten regulation on discharges, and increasing ESG pressures are forcing manufacturers to think about how they manage and recycle water. Membrane technology is emerging as the most secure solution to this problem, allowing facilities to…
Rivers, lakes and reservoirs are important sources of water for drinking water systems, but surface water usually requires treatment before it is safe to drink. The essential question is not whether it can be done, it can be, but what proper surface water treatment really involves, and what drives the decisions about the procedure. This guide describes…
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